Environmental effects of natural dyes and syntetic dyes: a comparison

Dyes is important to add colorant on fabrics. The dyeing process makes a fabric colourful and attractive. However, the waste disposed by dyeing process was hazard to environment especially synthetic dyes. Most of the textile industry uses synthetic dyes compared to natural dyes. This happens because natural dyes are difficult to extract its colour. Four types of natural and synthetic dyes were reviewed in this study. It was understood that all types of dyes have its advantages and disadvantages. Natural dyes have poor colour fastness compared to synthetic dyes. Besides, natural dyes can combine with synthetic dyes for greater commercial dyeing. Dyeing is one of the method to beautify the appearance of fabrics. It is a process to add colour to textile products like yarn, fiber and fabrics. Dyeing can be divided into synthetic dyes and natural dyes whereas can be produced either chemically or by plants. Synthetic dyes are man-made and normally made from synthetic resources such as petroleum by-products and earth minerals while natural dyes are from plant and animal sources. Most of the textile industry is using synthetic dyes compared to natural dyes. Natural dyes are hardly to extract their colour and environmentally friendly. Synthetic dyes can be extracted easily but brings harmful effect to environment. Unfortunately, the exact amount of dyes produced in the world is still unknown. It is estimated that the production of dyes to be over 10,000 tons per year. Exact data on the quantity of dyes discharged in the environment are also not available (Forgacs and Cserhátia, 2004)

Improvise the working condition at Kilang Beras Jelapang Selatan (M) Sdn. Bhd.

Kilang Beras Jelapang Selatan (M) Sdn. Bhd. or known as KBJS was established on 11th March 1988. KBJS is located at industrial area, Batu 2 ¾ Jalan Salleh,8400, Muar, Johor. The size of the factory is more than 2.5 acre. KBJS was a Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) business owned by a Chinese family who are not interested in paddy and rice industry. They later sold the company to KBJS after their father’s death in 1988. KBJS bought the company at a price of RM 500, 000.00 and have been upgraded from time to time. KBJS is now well known as the biggest Bumiputera company in peninsular Malaysia according to Certified Assessment in 2011 which worth RM25 millions

Utilization dyeing process of coffea pigment as superhydrophobic coating on fabric application

Synthetic pigments and dyes was frequently used for textile products in order to fulfill the customers demand because it is less expensive and high durability compared to natural pigments or dyes. Therefore, the contribution of synthetic dyes waste water is higher and it becomes one of cause of hazardous pollution to the environment. Factories that discharge this dye waste water are harmful toxic waste and high chemical usage which can give a bad effect to the human health [1]. An alternative way need to be considered in order to overcome the problems that comes from the synthetics dyes. The alternative way that were studied in this project as the solution to the problems stated was by using natural resources which is coffee as a colorant for pigmentation or dyeing in order to replace the harmful synthetic dyeing [2]. Robusta coffee or Coffea canephora is chosen as the pigments colorant because it has minimal environmental impacts compare to synthetic pigments. Natural pigments are not harmful to the environment, which makes it so captivating for consumers. Natural pigments are biodegradable and disposing them will not lead to pollution [3]. Furthermore, natural pigments are safe to use. It does not cause any harm or health problem when abstain. Pigment appearance is altered by selective absorption and by scattering of light [4]. Other than that, different composition of natural pigments can give a wide-range of colour by modifying the concentration percentage of pigments ingredients such as Robusta coffee which brew for pigments in order to provide a varied brown colour to textile fabrics. The superhydrophobic coating fabrics for textile application provide a durable water repellent which is useful for fabrics in order to protect them from water. In addition, the fabric also can be easily clean [5]

Enhancing Network Security Through Blockchain Technology: Challenges And Opportunities

The rapid proliferation of digital technologies has ushered in an era where network security is of paramount importance. Traditional security mechanisms have proven insufficient in protecting sensitive data and critical infrastructure from an ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats. Blockchain technology, originally designed to underpin cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing network security. Blockchain's core principles of decentralization, immutability, and transparency offer a unique approach to addressing vulnerabilities and mitigating risks in the digital realm. This paper examines how blockchain can enhance data integrity, authentication, and authorization processes, thereby fortifying the security posture of networks and systems. The paper discusses real-world applications and case studies where blockchain has been successfully implemented to bolster network security, such as supply chain management, identity verification, and secure communication protocols. These examples highlight the tangible benefits and opportunities that blockchain presents for organizations seeking to safeguard their digital assets and operations. In conclusion, this abstract underscore the pivotal role that blockchain technology can play in enhancing network security. By addressing challenges head-on and capitalizing on the opportunities it offers, organizations can build resilient, transparent, and secure digital ecosystems that protect against an ever-increasing array of cyber threats. The exploration of blockchain's potential in this context is critical for shaping the future of network security in our interconnected world

Potential impacts for monitoring sustainability: case study of hollow fiber membrane

Sustainability level is a new indicator of quality and efficiency for product life cycle. Sustainability should be balanced among Triple Bottom Line (TBL) aspects namely environmental, economic and social elements. For monitoring the sustainability of product, a comprehensive framework considering potential impacts for sustainability assessment should be developed. Previously, several studies presented frameworks to assess the sustainability level. However, few studies relate their frameworks with the potential impact of all TBL. Determination of potential impacts with its parameter is important during framework development. Potential impacts for environmental such global warming, acidification and eutrophication should be taken seriously. In this study, potential impacts for each sustainability aspects are shown. For the case study of hollow fiber membrane the potential impacts were obtained from primary and secondary data such product specification, bill of materials, literature reviews and help of GaBi Software

Methodology for assessing the sustainability of hollow fiber membrane system for wastewater treatment

The world’s supply of fresh water is finite and threatened by pollution such as the wastewater discharged from industries. Lately, the use of membrane system has received increasing attention for wastewater treatment. Though the membrane performance are usually determined, its performance from the sustainability perspective has received less attention. In line with the Malaysian government policy, the membrane system used for wastewater treatment needs to be scrutinized to ensure its sustainability according to the Triple Bottom Line aspects including environmental, social and economic. Previously, several tools or frameworks have been developed for assessing sustainability. However, most of the available tools assess membrane usage phase only without considering other phases of life cycle. This research aims to identify influencing parameters for assessing the sustainability of hollow fiber membrane system for wastewater treatment. In addition, a methodology for assessing the sustainability of membrane system was developed using fuzzy logic approach. It enables the assessment in the range between sustainable and non-sustainable membrane system. Life Cycle Assessment model was also developed to analyze the environmental burdens on the membrane system. GaBi software was employed to identify the parameters involved that cross the system boundary. The system boundary selected was from cradle-to-grave which consists of materials, fabrication process, transportation, usage and end of life phases. There were 29 parameters selected in the analysis. A Graphical User Interface was constructed using MATLAB platform, which was embedded with fuzzy linguistic calculation. A case study consists of a typical membrane system was successfully assessed by using the developed methodology. The results indicated that the sustainability level of the hollow fiber membrane module was high with an overall index value of 0.73. Fabrication process phase needs more attention in terms of sustainability as its index values were 0.27, 0.31, and 0.58 for environmental, social, and economic, respectively. For validation purposes, the results of the assessment were compared with the existing methodologies called ReCiPe and EcoIndicator99. However, the result from ReCiPe approach was limited to environmental aspect only. As for the social aspect, the findings were compared with the EcoIndicator99 approach. The results showed that the fuzzy evaluation method is able to assess the sustainability level of membrane system at par with the one obtained from EcoIndicator99

Sustainability in the product design: A review of recent development based on LCA

In order to achieve sustainable product design process, aspects such of environmental, economic and social should be balanced. This paper discussed on sustainability of product design, conceptual basis of life cycle assessment (LCA), review of LCA at several product design, methodology of proposed framework and discussion on strengths and limitations of LCA. This paper proposed to develop a framework for improving the product design process based on LCA tool. The aims is to calculate potential impact of environment, eco-nomic and social aspects during product design process. For environmental aspects, LCA tool will be used. For economic and social considerations, life cycle costing (LCC) and social life cycle assessment will be applied respectively. At the end, proposed framework are able to help designers to improve product design by considering all sustainability aspects

Green textile dyeing process by using natural dyes: a review

In the textile industry, up to 200,000 tons of dyes are lost to effluents every year during the dyeing and finishing operations, due to the inefficiency of the dyeing process. Today, the textile industry used average six hundred dyes and chemical for the in production of textile dyeing industry (Christy, 2014). Due to the toxicity of dyes and chemicals used in textile dyeing processes has led to both human health and environment directly or indirectly. Therefore, “Go-green” or going green is one alternative way to maintain the sustainability and productivity of textile dyeing industry hence maintaining natural ecological balance in the environment and preserving its natural system and resources. The textile dyeing industry makes a big contribution to the economic growth and has become a massive industry throughout the years. This is because higher demand in the production of synthetic dyes since they are affordable, good colour fastness, has various of colours available and are easy to manufacture. However, the environmental impact arising from these industries aroused attention in today’s society. In terms of pollution, the textile dyeing industries has been condemned as one of the world’s most offensive industry among other sectors in the world. In fact, World Bank stated that textile processing polluted 20% of water pollution globally

Hazards and incident investigation at palm oil mill industry

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) is a discipline with broad scope involving many specialized fields. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between the hazards occurring and the control measures to overcome the hazards occur in the Palm Oil Mill located at Ulu Keratong, Segamat, Johor. Nowadays, the workers are lack of safety and health practice from their companies based on the statistics that have shown the number of fatality and permanent disablement cases due to the accident in the palm oil mill. Which causes the accidents and injuries happened due to management control that does not emphasized on the safe practise of workers. Information and data collection were carried out by using HIRARC Form and Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) in the Palm Oil Mill RISDA which will be further discuss in the methodology part. The main objective of this study is to promote adaptable occupational environment and suggest some countermeasures to solve the potential hazard and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practice. There were seven hazards have been identified such as crash by rotating machine, struck by heavy palm fruit and slippery floor, excessive heat, excessive pressure of tractor tire, chemical spillage and noise hazard. From the result and findings, the hazards and control measures identified are able to determine improvements in knowledge and risk perceptions among the workers and visitors towards health policies and essential interventions for hazard prevention. Effective job safety and health programs help reduce worker injuries and illness in the long term

Sustainability of product life cycle: a case study of hollow fiber membrane

The world’s supply of fresh water is finite and threatened by pollutions such wastewater distributed from industries. Membrane technology has received increasing attention for the wastewater treatment lately [Kumar et al., 2014; Melin et al., 2006]. The membrane function performance usually identified, while the performance from sustainability perspective have received less attention.In line with the Malaysian government policy, the membrane system used for wastewater treatment needs to be scrutinized to ensure sustainability according to Triple Bottom Line aspects including environmental, social and economic. However, this paper focusing on environmental sustainability aspects. The potential environmental burdens calculated are global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP) and waste potential (EP)